Theravada Buddhism is strongest in Sri lanka, Thailand, Burma(Myanmar), Laos and Combodia.It si sometimes called’’southern Buddhism’’. The Essence of Buddhism is Sila(morality), Samadhi(concentration) and Panna(wisdom). These three are called as three Training(Sikkha).Among them, morality is a beginning and basic practice for all Buddhists. Without foundation of morality, we cannot proceed to the higher state such as concentration and wisdom. These three Sila(morality), Samadhi(concentration) and Panna(wisdom) are also the essence of the human life. When meditator observes the five precepts perfectly, his morality is purfied. Five precepts to be observed by meditators are:
1) I abstain from killing any living being.
2) I abstain from taking what is not given by the owner.
3) I abstain from committing sexual misconduct.
4) I abstain from talling lies, using abusive language.
5) I abstain from taking intoxicating drinks and drugs which lead to
carelessness.
When meditator observes the five precepts perfectly, his morality is purified. When moral conduct is purified, a meditator can easily practice meditation, either samatha or vipassana. Based on the purification of moral conduct, a meditator can easily concentrate on the object of meditation. By gaining deep concentration, a meditator can achieve insight knowledge, wisdom.
The ultimate goal of a Buddhist is to attain Nibbana. To gain this end, one must understand the three universal characteristics viz – Anicca, Dukkha and
Anatta.Anicca means impermanence or changeableness. According to the Buddhism, all conditioned things, animate and inanimate, are constantly changing. They never ramain the same for consecutive moments. Both mind (nama) and matter (rupa) have
the fleeting nature. Mind, in fact, changes faster than matter. Dukkha means suffering. The Buddha taught that all conditioned things are subject to suffering. Birth, ageing, disease and death are sufferings. Living together with unloved ones is suffering. Separation from the beloved one is suffering. Not to get what one desires is suffering. In brief, the five aggregates are suffering.
The five aggregates are:
1) Rupakkhandha (the Corporeality group)
2) Vedanakkhandha (the Feeling group)
3) Sannakkhandha (the Perception group)
4) Sankharakkhandha (the Mental-Formations group) and
5) Vinnakkhandha (the Consciousness group).
Anatta means non-self, which is the crux of Buddhism. Just as there is no permanent entity in matter,so also there is no unchanging entity in mind conceived as an ‘ego’ or ‘soul’. In everything, mundane and supramundane, conditioned and non-conditioned, there is no permanent soul.
When we practice vipassana meditation, the purpose is to realize Anicca,Dukkha and Anatta – the three universal characteristics of all phenomena. Through realizing the three characteristics of mental and physical phenomena, we can exterminate all defilements (Kilesa) and get insight knowledge and finally attain Nibbana.
So, it is necessary for a Buddhist to understand the three universal characteristics. In conclusion, we, Buddhists, should practice vipassana meditation. By practising vipassana meditation, we can realize these three characteristics and get Elightenment.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may all of you be well and happy.
====================================================================
BUDDHISM
Buddhism is a great religion, the best religion in the world. When we examine the term῝Buddhism̏ in detail. We find as follows: 1) the term῝Buddhȁ means the supremely Self-Elighten One through realization of the Four Noble Truths. 2) Buddhism is the Noble Teachings delivered by th Buddha in the 45 years of Buddhahood for the benefits of all beings—men, devas and brahmans. 3) People who follow His Teachings(Dhamma) are called Buddhsits. We are Buddhists because we follow Buddhism, we practise Buddhism, we study Buddhism.
Buddhism is a very old religion, more than 2500 years old. Buddhism is founded by the Buddha for the benefits of all beings. India is the Birthplace of Buddhism because from there it spread to other parts of the world such as India, Thailand, Laos,
Myanmar, Combodia, Srilanka and so on. Buddhism teaches man to depend on himself, to be confident in his own ability, through his own efforts, not through prayer or mear
Wishful thinking. Buddhism si a religion of free thought. There is no blind faith in Buddhism, it urges man to think freely by his own knowledge and ability.
Buddhism tesches that all men are capable of attaining thr highest state of spiritual liberation. Buddhism also teaches that all men are born equl and free to choose whatever is best for themselves. Buddhism teaches that all life is interconnected, so loving and compassion are natual and important.
Buddhism is a spiritual tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life. The path to Enlightenment is through the practice and development of (sila)morality, (samadhi)concentration and (panna)wisdom.Buddhism emphasises attaining self-liberation through one’s own efforts and pracitce.
Buddhist Teachings are logical and scientific. The teachings of the Buddha teaches us to gentle and kind ti others. Buddhists are peace-loving people and they have never war in the name of religion. Due to Buddhism, there is no violence in the world today. Buddhists love peace and happiness.
Nowdays, there is violence everywhere in our society because many people in the world are selfish and lack Metta(loving-kindness) and Karuna(compassion). Unlike
Buddhism, some other religions have a blood history and their followers have wrong believes or wrong views that it is right to make war in the name of their religions.
Therefore, the world is never happy or peaceful. Buddhism enphasis on peace, happiness and loving- kindness. In Buddhism , there are three objects of the highest veneration . They are :
1) The Buddha
2) The Dhamma and
3) The Sangha. These three are called the Holy Triple Gem( Ratanattaya) .
2) Perfect purity
3) Universal Compassion
The challenged everyone thus̋ Ehi passikȍ the meaning: ̋come and see my
Dhamma, come and see yourself̏. The Buddha never said ̋ come and believe my Dhammȁ. That is, you are invited to study, and to practise Dhamma.
We are Buddhists, therefore we are the buddha’s followers . He is our spiritual
father. He gave us spiritual life and peaceful life because of this, we should always love him and we should always respect him.We should follow His Teaching.
The Dhamma is the teaching of the Buddha. It is the universal law which the Buddha discovered and taught to the world. Dhamma is truth, valid and universal at all time and in all places. Therefore , Dhamma should be studied, Dhamma should be followed and Dhamma should be practiced.
Dhamma is very essential for world peace and spiritual progress of individual.
Dhamma can be practiced, Dhamma can be followed and Dhamma can be studied by all, whether they are buddhist or not. We should respect the Dhamma, we should try to study Dhamma and put Dhamma into practice.
The Sangha is the Holey Order of Monk disciples of the Buddha, they have attained a high degree of spiritual discipiline. They study and practice and teach Dhamma to lay people. We should pay respect to the Sangha because they are highly spiritual and they always try to do good for others. In consclusion,in thsi world, if we humen follow the Dhamma,I believe that the world will be happier and more peaceful.
To conclude my speech for today, I hope all of you will follow Dhamma.
By the virtues of Noble Dhamma may all of you be well, happy and peaceful forever.
===================================================================
PURIFICATION OF MORAL CONDUCT
The first is sila-visuddhi, Purification of Moral Conduct. Meditators have to observe at least five precepts, if not eight, so that they can attain purification of sila. By observing precepts, one can purify one’s deeds and speech. This is the purification of moral conduct (sila- visuddhi). When moral conduct is purified, the mind is to some extent also purified.
When the mind becomes purified, it becomes calm, serene, tranquil and happy and can concentrate on the object of meditation. Then the meditator attains Purification of Mind, i.e. Citta-visuddhi, the second stage of purification.
When Venerable Uttiya, one of the disciples of Buddha was sick in bed, the Buddha visited him and asked about his health. Venerable Uttiya told the Buddha about his sickness:
“Venerable sir, my sickness is not decreasing but increasing. I do not know whether I can or cannot live out today or tomorrow. So I want to meditate to destory all kinds of defilements through to the fourth stage of enlightenment, Arahantship, before I die. Please give a short instruction which will enable me to develop my meditation practice to attain Arahantship.”
Then the Buddha said: “Uttiya, you should cleanse the beginning. If the beginning is purified, then you will be alright, i.e. able to attain Arahantship.”
The Omniscient Buddha asked the question, “what is the beginning?” He himself replied, “Herein the beginning is purified moral conduct or sila and right view (Samma-ditthi). Right view means the acceptance of and belief in the Law of the Cause and Effect (action and reaction) or the Law of Kamma.” The Omniscient Buddha continued:
“Uttiya, you should cleanse your moral conduct and right view. Then, based on the purified moral conduct or sila, you should develop the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. Practising thus, you will attain the cesstion of suffering.”
The Omniscient Buddha lays stress on the purification of sila or moral conduct because it is a basic requirement for progress in conduct is purified, the mind becomes clear, calm, serene and happy. If a meditator culitivates mindfulness based on purification of moral conduct he can easily concentrate on any object of the mental and physical processes. So purify of moral conduct is a prerequirement for a meditator to make progress.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may you be well and happy and get Enlightenment !
====================================================================
PEACE AND HAPPINESS THROUGH RIGHT UNDERSTANDING
Everybody in the world wants peace and happiness. This is the reason why people are seeking the true path which leads them to the cessation of suffering. All kinds of religions in the world arise because of this search. One great religion in the world is Buddhism, which leads people to the cessation of suffering.
The Lord Buddha found out the cause of suffering (dukkha). According to His teachings, everything arises dependent on conditions. Everything in the world has its cause; nothing arises without a cause. When the Buddha wanted to get rid of suffering (dukkha), he had to find out the cause. When the cause has been eradicated, there will not be any effect When the Omniscient Buddha became enlightened, he discovered that the cause of suffering is attachment (tanha). The word ‘tanha’ literally means thirst which covers all the senses of greed, lust, desire, craving, attachment and the like. Buddhist schlors translate ‘tanha’ into attachment so that it covers all forms of desire. So in English, we use the word ‘attachment’ for ‘tanha’.
Tanha or attachment is the cause of suffering. When there is tanha there is dukkha (suffering). When a man or woman can eliminate tanha, they are sure to get rid of dukkha. This tanha also arises dependent on a cause. Without a cause, tanha will not arise. Tanha is a mental state and a process of mentality which is conditioned. The Omniscient Buddha discovered that the cause of attachment (tanha) is wrong view, known as sakkayaditthi or attaditthi i.e. the false view of a soul, a self, an ‘I’ or a ‘you’, a person or a being. So this sakkaya- ditthi or attaditthi is the cause of tanha which causes dukkha. Then what is the cause for this false view (sakkayaditthi or attaditthi)?
The Omniscient Buddha pointed out that ignorance (moha or avijja in Pali) of the natural processes of mentality and physicality is the cause of the false view of a soul or a self. Through relisation or right understanding of this dual process in its true nature, we can exterminate ignorance. Then we come to know the Law of Cause and Effect. We can summarise this chain of cause and effect like this: Ignorance is the cause, false view (sakkayaditthi or attaditthi) is the effect. False view is the cause, attachment is the effect. Attachment is the cause, suffering is the effect.
Then what we come to know is: if mental and physical processes are rightly understood, that right understanding will do away with ignorance. When ignorance has been eradicated, there will not be any false view of a soul, a self, a person or a being. When this false view has been removed, attachment will not arise at all. When attachment has been exterminated, there will not arise any suffering. Then we reach a state in which all kinds of suffering cease to exist and the cessation of suffering (Nirodhasacca) is experienced.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may you be well and happy and get Enlightenment !
====================================================================
THE FIVE FACTORS OF A MEDITATOR TO ACHIEVE ENLIGHTENMENT
In order that a meditator can make progress in his insight meditation, she must have five factors. The five factors are :
1. The First Factor is faith. A meditator must have a firm and strong faith in the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, especially in the Dhamma which includes the technique of meditation he is practising.
2. The Second Factor is health. She must be healthy both mentally and physically. If she suffers from headche, feels dizzy or has stomach trouble, gastric or any other illness, it does necesserily mean she is not healthy. She is considered to be healthy to the extent that she can observe any mental or physical procress. The food she takes must be digestible. If she suffers from indigestion, she will not be able to practise very well.
3. The Third Factor is honesty. She must be honest and strainghtforward. This means she must not tell lies to her teacher or to her fellow meditators. Honesty is the best policy.
4. The Fourth Factor is energy (viriya); It is just ordinary energy but unwavering, strong and firm energy (padhana). A meditator must have this factor for her success in striving for emancipation. She should never let her viriya or effort decrease, but should be perpetually improving or increasing it. When viriya or padhana is increasing, then mindfulness will become continous, constant and uninterrupted. When this happens, concentration will become deep and strong. Insight will become sharp and penetrative, resulting in the clear comprehension of mental and physical processes in their true nature.
5. The Fifth Factor is panna or wisdom. Though we use the word panna, it does not refer to ordinary panna or theoretical knowledge. It refers to the insight knowledge of the arising and passing away of mental and physical phenomena. In the beginning of the practice a meditator may no process this insight knowledge of arising and passing away. If, however, she is strives with strong effort to meditate on mental and physical processes she will gradually experience this insight knowledge of apperance and disapperance of mental and physical phenomena.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may you be well and happy and get Enlightenment !
1) I abstain from killing any living being.
2) I abstain from taking what is not given by the owner.
3) I abstain from committing sexual misconduct.
4) I abstain from talling lies, using abusive language.
5) I abstain from taking intoxicating drinks and drugs which lead to
carelessness.
When meditator observes the five precepts perfectly, his morality is purified. When moral conduct is purified, a meditator can easily practice meditation, either samatha or vipassana. Based on the purification of moral conduct, a meditator can easily concentrate on the object of meditation. By gaining deep concentration, a meditator can achieve insight knowledge, wisdom.
The ultimate goal of a Buddhist is to attain Nibbana. To gain this end, one must understand the three universal characteristics viz – Anicca, Dukkha and
Anatta.Anicca means impermanence or changeableness. According to the Buddhism, all conditioned things, animate and inanimate, are constantly changing. They never ramain the same for consecutive moments. Both mind (nama) and matter (rupa) have
the fleeting nature. Mind, in fact, changes faster than matter. Dukkha means suffering. The Buddha taught that all conditioned things are subject to suffering. Birth, ageing, disease and death are sufferings. Living together with unloved ones is suffering. Separation from the beloved one is suffering. Not to get what one desires is suffering. In brief, the five aggregates are suffering.
The five aggregates are:
1) Rupakkhandha (the Corporeality group)
2) Vedanakkhandha (the Feeling group)
3) Sannakkhandha (the Perception group)
4) Sankharakkhandha (the Mental-Formations group) and
5) Vinnakkhandha (the Consciousness group).
Anatta means non-self, which is the crux of Buddhism. Just as there is no permanent entity in matter,so also there is no unchanging entity in mind conceived as an ‘ego’ or ‘soul’. In everything, mundane and supramundane, conditioned and non-conditioned, there is no permanent soul.
When we practice vipassana meditation, the purpose is to realize Anicca,Dukkha and Anatta – the three universal characteristics of all phenomena. Through realizing the three characteristics of mental and physical phenomena, we can exterminate all defilements (Kilesa) and get insight knowledge and finally attain Nibbana.
So, it is necessary for a Buddhist to understand the three universal characteristics. In conclusion, we, Buddhists, should practice vipassana meditation. By practising vipassana meditation, we can realize these three characteristics and get Elightenment.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may all of you be well and happy.
====================================================================
Buddhism is a great religion, the best religion in the world. When we examine the term῝Buddhism̏ in detail. We find as follows: 1) the term῝Buddhȁ means the supremely Self-Elighten One through realization of the Four Noble Truths. 2) Buddhism is the Noble Teachings delivered by th Buddha in the 45 years of Buddhahood for the benefits of all beings—men, devas and brahmans. 3) People who follow His Teachings(Dhamma) are called Buddhsits. We are Buddhists because we follow Buddhism, we practise Buddhism, we study Buddhism.
Buddhism is a very old religion, more than 2500 years old. Buddhism is founded by the Buddha for the benefits of all beings. India is the Birthplace of Buddhism because from there it spread to other parts of the world such as India, Thailand, Laos,
Myanmar, Combodia, Srilanka and so on. Buddhism teaches man to depend on himself, to be confident in his own ability, through his own efforts, not through prayer or mear
Wishful thinking. Buddhism si a religion of free thought. There is no blind faith in Buddhism, it urges man to think freely by his own knowledge and ability.
Buddhism tesches that all men are capable of attaining thr highest state of spiritual liberation. Buddhism also teaches that all men are born equl and free to choose whatever is best for themselves. Buddhism teaches that all life is interconnected, so loving and compassion are natual and important.
Buddhism is a spiritual tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life. The path to Enlightenment is through the practice and development of (sila)morality, (samadhi)concentration and (panna)wisdom.Buddhism emphasises attaining self-liberation through one’s own efforts and pracitce.
Buddhist Teachings are logical and scientific. The teachings of the Buddha teaches us to gentle and kind ti others. Buddhists are peace-loving people and they have never war in the name of religion. Due to Buddhism, there is no violence in the world today. Buddhists love peace and happiness.
Nowdays, there is violence everywhere in our society because many people in the world are selfish and lack Metta(loving-kindness) and Karuna(compassion). Unlike
Buddhism, some other religions have a blood history and their followers have wrong believes or wrong views that it is right to make war in the name of their religions.
Therefore, the world is never happy or peaceful. Buddhism enphasis on peace, happiness and loving- kindness. In Buddhism , there are three objects of the highest veneration . They are :
1) The Buddha
2) The Dhamma and
3) The Sangha. These three are called the Holy Triple Gem( Ratanattaya) .
These Holy Triple Gem are very precious and invaluable. Buddhists always regard
them with profound love and respect. The Buddha (Our Great Teacher) was the greatest figure and human history. The Buddha possessed the nobelest virtues and the highest wisdom.
Briefly speaking, his virtues are three :
1) Infinite wisdomthem with profound love and respect. The Buddha (Our Great Teacher) was the greatest figure and human history. The Buddha possessed the nobelest virtues and the highest wisdom.
Briefly speaking, his virtues are three :
2) Perfect purity
3) Universal Compassion
The challenged everyone thus̋ Ehi passikȍ the meaning: ̋come and see my
Dhamma, come and see yourself̏. The Buddha never said ̋ come and believe my Dhammȁ. That is, you are invited to study, and to practise Dhamma.
We are Buddhists, therefore we are the buddha’s followers . He is our spiritual
father. He gave us spiritual life and peaceful life because of this, we should always love him and we should always respect him.We should follow His Teaching.
The Dhamma is the teaching of the Buddha. It is the universal law which the Buddha discovered and taught to the world. Dhamma is truth, valid and universal at all time and in all places. Therefore , Dhamma should be studied, Dhamma should be followed and Dhamma should be practiced.
Dhamma is very essential for world peace and spiritual progress of individual.
Dhamma can be practiced, Dhamma can be followed and Dhamma can be studied by all, whether they are buddhist or not. We should respect the Dhamma, we should try to study Dhamma and put Dhamma into practice.
The Sangha is the Holey Order of Monk disciples of the Buddha, they have attained a high degree of spiritual discipiline. They study and practice and teach Dhamma to lay people. We should pay respect to the Sangha because they are highly spiritual and they always try to do good for others. In consclusion,in thsi world, if we humen follow the Dhamma,I believe that the world will be happier and more peaceful.
To conclude my speech for today, I hope all of you will follow Dhamma.
By the virtues of Noble Dhamma may all of you be well, happy and peaceful forever.
===================================================================
The first is sila-visuddhi, Purification of Moral Conduct. Meditators have to observe at least five precepts, if not eight, so that they can attain purification of sila. By observing precepts, one can purify one’s deeds and speech. This is the purification of moral conduct (sila- visuddhi). When moral conduct is purified, the mind is to some extent also purified.
When the mind becomes purified, it becomes calm, serene, tranquil and happy and can concentrate on the object of meditation. Then the meditator attains Purification of Mind, i.e. Citta-visuddhi, the second stage of purification.
When Venerable Uttiya, one of the disciples of Buddha was sick in bed, the Buddha visited him and asked about his health. Venerable Uttiya told the Buddha about his sickness:
“Venerable sir, my sickness is not decreasing but increasing. I do not know whether I can or cannot live out today or tomorrow. So I want to meditate to destory all kinds of defilements through to the fourth stage of enlightenment, Arahantship, before I die. Please give a short instruction which will enable me to develop my meditation practice to attain Arahantship.”
Then the Buddha said: “Uttiya, you should cleanse the beginning. If the beginning is purified, then you will be alright, i.e. able to attain Arahantship.”
The Omniscient Buddha asked the question, “what is the beginning?” He himself replied, “Herein the beginning is purified moral conduct or sila and right view (Samma-ditthi). Right view means the acceptance of and belief in the Law of the Cause and Effect (action and reaction) or the Law of Kamma.” The Omniscient Buddha continued:
“Uttiya, you should cleanse your moral conduct and right view. Then, based on the purified moral conduct or sila, you should develop the Four Foundations of Mindfulness. Practising thus, you will attain the cesstion of suffering.”
The Omniscient Buddha lays stress on the purification of sila or moral conduct because it is a basic requirement for progress in conduct is purified, the mind becomes clear, calm, serene and happy. If a meditator culitivates mindfulness based on purification of moral conduct he can easily concentrate on any object of the mental and physical processes. So purify of moral conduct is a prerequirement for a meditator to make progress.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may you be well and happy and get Enlightenment !
====================================================================
PEACE AND HAPPINESS THROUGH RIGHT UNDERSTANDING
Everybody in the world wants peace and happiness. This is the reason why people are seeking the true path which leads them to the cessation of suffering. All kinds of religions in the world arise because of this search. One great religion in the world is Buddhism, which leads people to the cessation of suffering.
The Lord Buddha found out the cause of suffering (dukkha). According to His teachings, everything arises dependent on conditions. Everything in the world has its cause; nothing arises without a cause. When the Buddha wanted to get rid of suffering (dukkha), he had to find out the cause. When the cause has been eradicated, there will not be any effect When the Omniscient Buddha became enlightened, he discovered that the cause of suffering is attachment (tanha). The word ‘tanha’ literally means thirst which covers all the senses of greed, lust, desire, craving, attachment and the like. Buddhist schlors translate ‘tanha’ into attachment so that it covers all forms of desire. So in English, we use the word ‘attachment’ for ‘tanha’.
Tanha or attachment is the cause of suffering. When there is tanha there is dukkha (suffering). When a man or woman can eliminate tanha, they are sure to get rid of dukkha. This tanha also arises dependent on a cause. Without a cause, tanha will not arise. Tanha is a mental state and a process of mentality which is conditioned. The Omniscient Buddha discovered that the cause of attachment (tanha) is wrong view, known as sakkayaditthi or attaditthi i.e. the false view of a soul, a self, an ‘I’ or a ‘you’, a person or a being. So this sakkaya- ditthi or attaditthi is the cause of tanha which causes dukkha. Then what is the cause for this false view (sakkayaditthi or attaditthi)?
The Omniscient Buddha pointed out that ignorance (moha or avijja in Pali) of the natural processes of mentality and physicality is the cause of the false view of a soul or a self. Through relisation or right understanding of this dual process in its true nature, we can exterminate ignorance. Then we come to know the Law of Cause and Effect. We can summarise this chain of cause and effect like this: Ignorance is the cause, false view (sakkayaditthi or attaditthi) is the effect. False view is the cause, attachment is the effect. Attachment is the cause, suffering is the effect.
Then what we come to know is: if mental and physical processes are rightly understood, that right understanding will do away with ignorance. When ignorance has been eradicated, there will not be any false view of a soul, a self, a person or a being. When this false view has been removed, attachment will not arise at all. When attachment has been exterminated, there will not arise any suffering. Then we reach a state in which all kinds of suffering cease to exist and the cessation of suffering (Nirodhasacca) is experienced.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may you be well and happy and get Enlightenment !
====================================================================
THE FIVE FACTORS OF A MEDITATOR TO ACHIEVE ENLIGHTENMENT
In order that a meditator can make progress in his insight meditation, she must have five factors. The five factors are :
1. The First Factor is faith. A meditator must have a firm and strong faith in the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, especially in the Dhamma which includes the technique of meditation he is practising.
2. The Second Factor is health. She must be healthy both mentally and physically. If she suffers from headche, feels dizzy or has stomach trouble, gastric or any other illness, it does necesserily mean she is not healthy. She is considered to be healthy to the extent that she can observe any mental or physical procress. The food she takes must be digestible. If she suffers from indigestion, she will not be able to practise very well.
3. The Third Factor is honesty. She must be honest and strainghtforward. This means she must not tell lies to her teacher or to her fellow meditators. Honesty is the best policy.
4. The Fourth Factor is energy (viriya); It is just ordinary energy but unwavering, strong and firm energy (padhana). A meditator must have this factor for her success in striving for emancipation. She should never let her viriya or effort decrease, but should be perpetually improving or increasing it. When viriya or padhana is increasing, then mindfulness will become continous, constant and uninterrupted. When this happens, concentration will become deep and strong. Insight will become sharp and penetrative, resulting in the clear comprehension of mental and physical processes in their true nature.
5. The Fifth Factor is panna or wisdom. Though we use the word panna, it does not refer to ordinary panna or theoretical knowledge. It refers to the insight knowledge of the arising and passing away of mental and physical phenomena. In the beginning of the practice a meditator may no process this insight knowledge of arising and passing away. If, however, she is strives with strong effort to meditate on mental and physical processes she will gradually experience this insight knowledge of apperance and disapperance of mental and physical phenomena.
By the virtues of Buddha Dhamma, may you be well and happy and get Enlightenment !
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